| HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA, TRANSIENT OR PERMANENT [DD] | |
Transient and permanent causes of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) - (adapted from Demirbilek H and Hussain K 2017) Transient causes of HH • Infants od diabetic mothrers (maternal diabetes mellitus (gestational and insulin-dependent)• Intrauterine growth restriction (SGA) • Perinatal asphyxia • Sepsis (neonatal) • Rhesus isoimmunisation • HNF4A, HNF1A mutations Genetic causes of HH Mutations in the genes encoding KATP channel proteins SUR1 and Kir6.2 • ABCC8 • KCNJ11 Mutation in the genes involved in the regulation of insulin secretion • GLUD1 • HADH • GCK • SLC16A1 • HNF1A • HNF4A Recently described gene mutations • UCP2 • HK1 • PGM1 • PMM2 • FOXA2 • CACNA1D Metabolic causes of HH • Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CGD type 1a, 1b and 1d) • Tyrosinaemia type 1 Other syndromes associated with HH • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome • Kabuki’s syndrome • Trisomy 13 • Central hypoventilation syndrome • Leprechaunism (insulin resistance syndrome) • Mosaic Turner syndrome • Sotos syndrome • Usher syndrome • Timothy syndrome • Costello syndrome • Miscellaneous causes of HH • Postprandial HH • Insulin gene receptor mutation • Dumping syndrome • Noninsulinoma pancreatogenous hypoglycaemia syndrome (adults) • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (mostly adults) • Bariatric surgery (adults) • Insulinoma (adults) • Non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia (adults) • Factitious hypoglycaemia • Drug-induced • ... | |
| Laboratory findings | D-Glucose dec (urine) Glucose/Insuline inc (urine) |
| Symptoms | hyperinsulinism hypoglycemia onset, adolescent onset, childhood onset, infancy onset, neonatal |